Reactive magnesia (MgO)-activated ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS), with fixed GGBS dosages but varying MgO/GGBS ratios, was used for stabilization of two soils and compared with brucite (Mg(OH)2)-activated GGBS and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2)-activated GGBS. A range of tests, including unconfined compressive strength testing, X-ray diffraction, …

Blast furnace slag (BFS) which is defined "as the non-metallic product consisting essentially of silicates and alumina silicates of calcium and other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace" by ASTM C 125-16 (2016) has been widely used in construction industry for more than 80 years. When the mixture of iron-ore, …

The geotechnical properties of blast-furnace slag were investigated as a potential substitute for aggregates in the construction industry. The basic geotechnical parameters of …

Granulated Blastfurnace Slag Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GBS) is manufactured from molten blastfurnace slag, a co-product produced simulta-neously with iron. Rapid chilling with water or air forms a glassy granular material with latent-hydraulic properties. It is used for cement, concrete, mortar, grout and aggregates. For more informations on

This also indicates that the addition of slag to the cement reduces the hydration heat and that the slag reaction is exothermic, which has been reported by other researchers [28]. Kolani et al. [28] observed heat reductions at 48 h of up to 42% for blends with 70% slag. In this study, a heat reduction of 31% was obtained for cement with 80% GBFS.

Alkali activation may also provide a fundamental route for the immobilisation of heavy metal-containing wastes originating from metallurgical processes [9, 10], including stainless steel production.Stainless steel slags are generated in considerable volumes, up to about 300–400 kg of slags for each tonne of stainless steel produced [11, 12], and are classified …

This work investigates the behavior of a silty clay stabilized with 3, 6, 9, and 12 % of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), respectively, and 1 % of quicklime used as an activator.

A general characterization of the early stage hydration behaviour of ground granulated blastfurnace slag/ordinary Portland cement blends reacting in the temperature range 20–60°C has been made by thermal and electron microscopic techniques. In the blends studied, both the silicate and aluminate associated reactions were accelerated by an increase in …

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The use of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBFS) is commonly in the formulation of several types of cement. For example, EN197 standard defines four types of cements: II/A-S (0–20%); II/B-S (21–35%), III-A (35–65%) and III-B (66–80%). The cements with GGBFS have several technical, economic and environmental advantages.

Ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product of the steel industry. During the manufacture of iron, iron-ore, coke and limestone are fed into the blastfurnace, whereby the iron-ore is reduced to iron, which separates out from the remaining slag. The slag is then tapped off and cooled rapidly to retain its cementitious properties.

Granulated blast-furnace slag has been employed as 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% replacement of waste fired clay bricks (Grog) in the production of geopolymers. At the same time, the effects of curing time on the properties of geopolymers were investigated. The study proved a successful method for the feasibility of recycling and valorization process ...

AbstractThe influence of low curing temperatures (5, 10 and 15 ± 2 °C) on the strength and durability properties of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) and ground granulated Corex slag (GGCS) concretes was studied. A standard curing temperature of 23 ± 2 °C) was also used for comparative purposes.

Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a secondary material generated during the process of producing iron in blast furnaces, prompting scholars to concentrate on its efficient management and broad …

This paper reviews a relatively recent approach towards sustainable soil stabilisation, by utilising ground granulated blastfurnace slag, an industrial by-product from steel manufacture. It describes … Expand. 100. Save. Magnesium sulfate attack on clays stabilised by carbide slag- and magnesia-ground granulated blast furnace slag.

In this article, a geotechnical assessment of blast furnace slag (BFS) properties is presented. We conducted a series of CBR, and oedometric tests to evaluate the feasibility of …

This study has examined the effectiveness of characteristically different cement kiln dusts (CKDs) as a partial replacement for the ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBFS) in the development and production of three types of blastfurnace cements (CEM III/A, B, C) according to the standard EN 197-1.27 CEM III cement blends, 9 blends per type of cement, i.e., CEM III/A, …

A study concluded that the inclusion of slag (30–50%) increased the workability of concrete mixes; although a higher slag concentration led to larger improvements . Higher slag fineness had no discernible impact on workability, and the authors of found that the workability of mortar decreased as GGBS surface area increased.

AbstractEttringite usually is formed in lime- and cement-stabilized gypseous soils, resulting in significant swelling upon wetting and thereby causing damage to pavements and foundation systems. To reduce the ettringite formation and the associated ...

Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. In this article we discuss about the manufacture, …

The material used for the investigation was a BFS with a Blaine fineness of 500 m 2 /kg measured according to [20], density of 2900 kg/m 3 and mean particle size of (d 50) = 21.2 μm.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the atomic structure of the slag was predominantly amorphous with traces of akermanite (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7), gehlenite (Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7), hematite …

This paper studies the effect of silicate content on the mechanical and durability-related properties of metakaolin (MK) and metakaolin/blastfurnace slag (BFS) alkaline activated mortars. A reference mortar based on the alkaline activated MK was compared to 60/40 MK/BFS mortars containing different SiO 2 /Na 2 O molar ratios in the activator ...

1. Introduction. Magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) has been widely used as a rapid repair material for concrete structures due to its excellent bond strength [1,2,3], high early performance [] and high volume stability [].The acid-base reaction between dead-burned magnesia (MgO) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4) is the driving …

The ultrafine slag slurry (UFSS) was obtained by the process of grinding the original slag in a wet ball mill, which was mixed in concrete directly. The durations of grinding were 20 min, 40 min, and 60 min which were used to replace Portland cement with different percentages, namely, 20, 35, and 50, and were designed to compare cement with ...

Alkali-activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) are sustainable alternatives to PC due to their low initial capital cost of the raw material and the saving of energy and resources, and the elimination of CO 2 emissions from chemical reactions in the kiln, leading to much lower CO 2 emissions [1].The properties of alkali-activated slags (AAS) depend on …

The study is the first to examine the combined use of blast-furnace sludge as a source of microelements and converter slag as a soil-deoxidizing agent in oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivation in sod-podzolic soils. It has been established that blast-furnace sludge is a highly dispersed waste, which contains about 50% iron, 7% zinc, and a small amount of calcium, …

The granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) is an industrial by-product from the manufacture of pig iron and predominately consists of calcium-magnesium aluminosilicate glass (Gartner and Macphee, 2011; Bakharev et al., 1999). The slag in long-term stock not only occupies a great quantity of land, but gives rise to serious environmental pollution.

The main challenge of the steel industry for the next decade is the steel production transformation process, starting in Europe. The CO 2 intensive blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route will be substituted by a combination of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), based on natural gas, later on "green" hydrogen, with an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) or a Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF), …

Compressive strength and hydration characteristics of wastepaper sludge ash-ground granulated blastfurnace slag (WSA-GGBS) blended pastes were investigated at a water to binder (w/b) ratio of 0.5. The strength results are compared to those of normal Portland cement (PC) paste and relative strengths are reported.

Geopolymer concrete based on industrial by-product materials such as fly ash and slag can play a vital role in the context of sustainability and environmental issues [1].Approximately 5% of global CO 2 emissions originate from the manufacturing of Portland cement [2].On the other hand, industrial by-product materials such as slag has been shown to …

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is a cementitious material produced as a by-product during the iron manufacture process. GGBS has similar chemical composition, mostly silica, calcium oxide, and alumina, to that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) [1].Lots of studies have been carried out on the partial or full replacement of OPC with GGBS for …

The potential use of the slag material coud be as construction material but also as a potential source of some rare elements. Keywords: slag, melilite, fayalite, calcium disilicate, native iron, wüstite, magnetite, troilite, oldhamite. 1. INTRODUCTION The Galaţi blastfurnace, the largest in Romania, was built in the 1960s.

Physical properties of the slag shall be in accordance with the requirements for fineness as determined by air permeability and air content, slag activity index, and compressive strength. Scope 1.1 This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blast-furnace slag for use as a cementitious material in concrete and ...

(GBS) is manufactured from molten blastfurnace slag, a co-product produced simulta-neously with iron. Rapid chilling with water or air forms a glassy granular material with latent-hydraulic …

Sea-level-rise challenges intensify the urgent need to discover materials surpassing Portland cement (PC), which deteriorates in seawater. Amid durability concerns on low-stability components in PC, ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) activated with MgO emerges as potential alternative.

According to ASTM C989-18 [59], granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) is defined as a glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled by immersion in …